DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)

DUPLEX - Indicates a communications channel that is capable of carrying
signals in both directions.

FULL-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions at the same time.

HALF-DUPLEX - Signal flow in both directions, but in only one
direction at a time.

SYMMETRICAL/ASYMMETRICAL - Describes whether data flow in a
communications channel is balanced or unbalanced (ie. data flow
rate is the same in both channels or different).

Eg. The USR 16.8K HST protocol is full-duplex asymmetrical, it
employs one 16800bps channel and a second 450bps channel.
ITU-T V.32bis is full-duplex symmetrical, both channels
operate at 14400bps.

ENCODING - The process of impressing data onto a carrier. By varying the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the data carrier, it is possible to
generate signals which are equivalent to one or more data bits per change
of state. Devices which operate above 300bps employ modulation technology
which encodes more than one bit per transition. 1200 and 2400bps modems
operate at 600 symbols/sec using data encoding techniques that yield 2 and
4 bits per symbol element respectively. Similarly, 9600 and 14400bps modems operate at 2400 symbols/sec using techniques which yield 4 and 6 bits per symbol element.

ERROR-CORRECTING MODEM - describes a modem which incorporates data
integrity checking protocols in its hardware (eg. MNP4 or V.42 capable
modems). When two such modems connect, they transmit data synchronously, obviating the necessity of framing start and stop bits for transmitted
data; such modems are thereby able to achieve a 25 per cent increase in throughput relative to non-error-correcting modems.

ESCAPE SEQUENCE - A command sent to a modem that will place it in command
mode.

EXPRESS-96 - A proprietary high-speed modulation protocol developed by
Hayes.

FLOW CONTROL - A mechanism for compensating for differences in the flow of data input to and output from a a modem.

FOSSIL - (F)ido-(O)pus-(S)eadog-(S)tandard-(I)nterface-(L)ayer. A
specification detailing the interface between a communications application
and a PC's serial communications hardware. Originally conceived to allow programmers to implement common low-level serial I/O functions for their applications on platforms that were not 100% compatible.

FSK - [F]requency [S]hift [K]eying. FSK describes the modulation of a
carrier (or two carriers) by using a different frequency for a 1 or 0. The resultant modulated signal may be regarded as the sum of two amplitude modulated signals of different carrier frequency.

GROUP - the standards that govern the way fax devices communicate with each other across the phone line. Group 3 is defined in ITU-T Recommendations
T.4 and T.30, and is the set of capabilities implemented in the vast
majority of present fax devices that operate on analog telephone lines (although some recent additions will also permit Group 3 protocols to be
used over digital circuits such as ISDN).

GSTN - The (G)eneral (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork, also referred to as
the (P)ublic (S)witched (T)elephone (N)etwork. The PSTN is, by definition,
the analog telephone network that provides voice and data access around the world. Digital signals can also be sent after being modulated and sent as
an analog signal. When received, the analog signals are then demodulated
back into digital signals. This modulation/demodulation by a modem is necessary, as dial-up PSTN lines are not as suitable for digital
communications as for voice communications. In actuality, this analog
telephone network is now mostly digital, except for the lines from the end offices to the telephone or modem. However, since the connections at both
ends are analog, the PSTN can be considered to be essentially analog in
nature.

"HAYES COMPATIBLE" - A term that implies that a modem implements the [AT]tention command set first utilized on the Hayes Smartmodem 1200. Standardized as EIA602, but varies between manufacturers.

Basic "AT" Commands:

ATA - force answer mode

ATB - select Bell or CCITT modes (all but obsolete now)
B or B0 = CCITT
B1 = Bell

ATD - dial - see your manual for details as this is a flexible and
powerful command with lots of neat options.

ATE - echo on/off - echo is the copying of a command from the
terminal or computer back to it
E1 = on
E0 = off

ATH - hook status, ie. line state
H1 = off hook
H0 = on-hook

ATI - product code or identity code, some manufacturers put in
options to provide more or less information about the modem
being interrogated, for example:
I or I0 = ID and version number
I1 = checksum of EPROM
I2 = OK or ERROR on validity of checksum

ATL - speaker volume
L0 = low volume
L1 = medium volume
L2 = high volume

ATM - speaker function
M or M0 = speaker off
M1 = speaker on until carrier detected (normal)
M2 = speaker on while modem on line

ATO - originate - force originate mode or resume data state when on
line.

ATQ - result code output
Q or Q0 - normal result codes sent to terminal
Q1 - result codes not returned to terminal

ATS - set or read S register - see below

ATV - result code format output
V or V0 - single digit result codes generally most suitable
for a computer to interpret
V1 - "English" result codes suitable for human interpretation


--- MPost/2 v2.0a
* Origin: Marsh BBS (c) Dawson Creek BC Canada (1:17/23)